RoboForce raises $52M to commercialize its Titan robot
Outside a solar farm in the California desert, the labor math is brutal: temperatures above 110 degrees, injury rates that make construction look tame, and a workforce that turns over fast. RoboForce thinks a robot can do that job better.
The Milpitas-based robotics startup announced a $52 million funding round on March 16, bringing its total raised to $67 million. The round was led by YZi Labs, a $10 billion fund, with participation from Jerry Yang, the Yahoo co-founder, and Myron Scholes, the Nobel laureate economist. Also in the round: Gary Rieschel of Qiming Ventures and Carnegie Mellon University. The capital will fund a next-generation robot foundation model, manufacturing scale-up, and the transition of active pilot programs into production deployments.
The centerpiece is Titan, a wheeled mobile manipulator that RoboForce unveiled last May and has been positioning as purpose-built for demanding outdoor industrial environments. The company calls it an AI robot built for real-world industrial deployment in demanding outdoor environments. The specs: 1mm precision for fine-grained manipulation, a 40kg payload, 1,100mm of arm reach, and an eight-hour runtime per battery pack. It comes in both wheeled and tracked configurations, so customers can swap platforms depending on terrain — gravel and dirt around solar arrays, rough mining roads, smoother warehouse floors.
Those are real numbers, if self-reported. Titan performs five core manipulation primitives — pick, place, press, twist, and connect — which RoboForce says covers the majority of industrial tasks in its target sectors: utility-scale solar, mining, data center infrastructure, shipping yards, and manufacturing.
The company was founded in 2023 by alumni from Carnegie Mellon, the University of Michigan, Amazon Robotics, Google, Waymo, Cruise, Tesla Robotics, ABB, and Apple. CEO Leo Ma frames the mission in sweeping terms: Robo-Labor is essential for work that is dull, dirty, and dangerous. Our mission is to elevate humans into safer, higher value roles while robots take on the most demanding industrial tasks. The global labor system framing is ambitious for a three-year-old startup with no disclosed revenue, but the outdoor industrial gap is a legitimate niche if the hardware performs.
The angle here is real: most commercial AMRs are built for structured indoor environments — warehouses, fulfillment centers, factory floors. The outdoor unstructured environment is a genuinely harder problem. Uneven terrain, weather exposure, dust, temperature extremes, and the absence of pre-mapped infrastructure all increase the difficulty. Titan's tracked variant and ruggedized design are the relevant differentiators. The question is whether the specs translate to durable field performance.
RoboForce says it has 11,000 letters of intent representing robot orders, and that it is actively transitioning pilots to production. The company declined to name specific customers. Several pilot programs are planned for 2025, according to its May 2025 announcement. Jensen Huang, chief executive of Nvidia, highlighted Titan during his GTC keynote, citing RoboForce as an example of physical AI breaking out of the lab. RoboForce leverages Nvidia Jetson Thor for edge inference, Isaac Sim and Isaac Lab for simulation and robot learning, and Nvidia Cosmos for synthetic data generation. The Nvidia relationship is the most substantive credibility signal the company has beyond its own claims.
The competitive picture is worth context. Mobile Industrial Robots, acquired by Hussie in 2023, makes the MC600 mobile manipulator. Collaborative Robotics, founded by former Amazon executive Brad Porter, unveiled its Proxie system in late 2024. KUKA, ABB, and Fanuc all have mobile manipulation offerings. None are specifically optimized for outdoor terrain. If Titan holds its stated specs in the field — eight hours on a battery pack, millimeter-level precision under variable load — it occupies a genuine gap in the market. That is an active assumption worth tracking.
The investor roster is a mixed signal. YZi Labs, formerly Binance Labs, is a $10 billion fund with a broad mandate. Jerry Yang and Myron Scholes are notable names but not robotics domain experts. Gary Rieschel's Qiming Ventures has backed industrial and robotics companies in China and the U.S. The CMU affiliation tracks — Carnegie Mellon runs one of the strongest robotics programs in the world, and university involvement in a robotics company often means access to talent and research relationships.
What is not yet clear: whether LOIs represent committed capital or aspirational demand signals, whether Titan has actually shipped to a paying customer, and what the unit economics look like at scale. The $52 million round is real money in robotics hardware, but building and deploying dozens of custom industrial robots is different from raising against a software ARR line. The gap between demonstration and deployment in robotics is where most companies stall.
The story is worth covering because the outdoor industrial AMR space is real and underserved, the specs are specific enough to track against future claims, and the Nvidia endorsement plus the World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer designation (awarded June 2025) give it a credibility threshold above the typical robotics press release. The burden of proof is on execution — on the pilots converting to contracts, the LOIs converting to revenue, and the eight-hour runtime holding up on a solar array in August.
RoboForce will need to demonstrate that traction. Watch for disclosed customer names, a published unit cost or per-hour rental model, and any third-party benchmarking of Titan's precision claims in the wild. If those pilots in solar and mining go production in 2026, this story gets significantly more interesting.